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💡 APC (Alternatives, Possibilities, Choices): Expanding Options
“Either they leave for opportunities elsewhere, or they stay and we find a new path,” his wife had said. But Joseph knew this was false binary thinking. Their traditional farming methods couldn’t compete with imports, but there had to be other options. There always were—if you knew how to look.
This is where APC (Alternatives, Possibilities, Choices) becomes essential—the systematic method for breaking free from “either/or” traps.
🔬 Why APC Matters: Breaking Free from Limited Options
When Joseph first considered his children’s futures, he saw only two paths: they leave Gozo for better opportunities elsewhere, or they stay and the family finds a new business model since traditional farming couldn’t compete with cheap imports. This binary thinking affects us all. Our brains, wired for efficiency, grab the first viable options and stop searching. But in complex situations, the first options are rarely the best options.
APC matters because it reveals the ability to pivot—to transform constraints into opportunities, to find paths others miss, to create rather than just choose.
Situation | Binary View | APC Reveals |
---|---|---|
Traditional farming in Gozo | Continue competing on price or close down | Niche markets, value-added products, agritourism, education, technology integration |
Empty greenhouse | Demolish or abandon | Aquaponics, vertical farming, education center, event space |
Family unity | Together but poor or apart but stable | Family business, complementary roles, phased transitions |
APC doesn’t just add options—it systematically reveals possibilities hidden by habitual thinking.
🧭 The APC Method: Three Stages of Expansion
De Bono structured APC as a deliberate progression from narrow to wide thinking:
🔄 Stage 1: Alternatives (Different Routes to Same Destination)
Core Question: “What other ways could we achieve this goal?”
Joseph’s goal: Keep the family together while ensuring prosperity.
Initial alternatives Joseph generated:
- Traditional farming with modern techniques
- Convert to organic certification
- Agritourism with farm stays
- Greenhouse rentals to other farmers
- Direct-to-consumer vegetable boxes
Key principle: Stay focused on the same end goal but vary the means.
🌟 Stage 2: Possibilities (Removing All Constraints)
Core Question: “What if we had no limitations?”
Joseph imagined unlimited resources, changed regulations, new technologies:
- What if we could become the sustainable farming model for all Mediterranean islands?
- What if tourists paid premium for authentic farm experiences?
- What if we developed technology that other farmers wanted to buy?
- What if the greenhouse became a research and education center?
- What if we could grow tropical produce in Gozo’s climate?
Key principle: Dream first, filter later. Today’s impossibility often becomes tomorrow’s innovation.
🎯 Stage 3: Choices (Practical Options for Decision)
Core Question: “Which of these could actually work given our real situation?”
From dreams to decisions—Joseph filtered possibilities into real choices.
🔧 APC Tools: How to Generate Options Efficiently
Tool 1: The Systematic Variation Method
Change one element at a time to generate alternatives:
Element | Standard | Variation | Actual Implementation |
---|---|---|---|
What | Traditional vegetables | Fish + vegetables + microgreens | Aquaponics with tilapia, bio-vegetables, herbs |
Who | Local market only | Health-conscious consumers + schools + media | Direct sales + educational visits + TV appearances |
How | Soil farming | Water-based closed-loop system | NFT pipes, towers, patented agritech |
When | Seasonal only | Year-round controlled environment | Continuous production, overcoming Malta’s climate limits |
Where | Just greenhouse production | Production + education + community hub | AgriFair presence, planning public store |
Why | Just for profit | Food security + health + keeping family together | “You Are What You Eat” mission |
Tool 2: The Concept Extraction Method
Extract the core concept and apply it differently:
Core concept: Using land to support family
- Traditional application: Grow crops, sell produce
- Alternative applications:
- Education: Teach sustainable farming
- Experience: Offer farm-to-table dining
- Innovation: Test new growing methods
- Community: Create local food hub
Tool 3: The Challenge Method
Challenge every assumption to reveal alternatives:
Assumption | Challenge | New Option |
---|---|---|
Must compete on price | What if we competed on story? | Heritage brand premium |
Need large volume | What if we focused on rare/specialty? | Microgreens for high-end restaurants |
Children must choose: stay or go | What if they could do both? | Seasonal involvement + remote careers |
Tool 4: The Stepping Stone Method
Use wild ideas as stepping stones to practical ones:
Wild idea: Turn the greenhouse into Gozo’s “eco space station”
Step back: What’s useful about this?
- High-tech image → Modern farming methods
- Self-contained system → Closed-loop aquaponics
- Futuristic appeal → Educational destination
- Research focus → Partnership with university
Practical option: High-tech aquaponics facility with educational component
Note: This Stepping Stone Method is similar to de Bono’s PO (Provocative Operation) technique, where absurd statements lead to practical innovations.
💡 Joseph’s Complete APC Process
The Full Option Generation
Using all APC tools, Joseph generated 23 options over three sessions:
Category | Options Generated | Method Used |
---|---|---|
Production Focus | Aquaponics (fish + plants), microgreens, mushrooms, herbs, bio-vegetables, NFT systems | Systematic variation |
Education Focus | School visits, workshops for JobPlus students, university partnerships, agritech demonstrations | Concept extraction |
Experience Focus | Public visiting sessions, farm-to-table events, AgriFair participation, media appearances | Challenge method |
Tech Focus | Solar panels, IoT monitoring, patented agritech machines, AquaSoilPonics hybrid | Stepping stones |
Community Focus | Caritas donations, volleyball club sponsorship, soup kitchen supply, local food security | Values alignment |
From Options to Reality: The Implementation Path
Joseph’s journey from idea to operating business shows how APC options evolved:
Stage | Options Considered | What Actually Happened |
---|---|---|
Starting Point (2022) |
• Demolish greenhouse • Traditional farming • Sell the land |
Kept greenhouse, began aquaponics research with government pension funds |
Year 1 (2023) |
• Basic hydroponics • Import systems • Partner with others |
Developed own aquaponics system, started with 4-6 fish, grew microgreens |
Year 2 (2024) |
• Scale slowly • Focus on one product • Stay small |
Expanded to bio-vegetables and fruits, participated in Malta AgriFair, hosted school visits |
Year 3 (2025) |
• Wholesale only • Online only • Farmers market |
Planning public store, increased social media presence, exploring international knowledge sharing |
The Power of Multiple Revenue Streams
By not choosing just one option, Joseph created an integrated business model:
- Direct Sales: Bio-vegetables, microgreens, and fish to health-conscious consumers
- Educational Programs: Hosting San Andrea School, Italian exchange students, JobPlus mature students
- Media & Awareness: TV appearances on ONE Breakfast, Let’s Talk Farming, podcast features
- Community Impact: Donations to Caritas Malta, supporting local food security
- Innovation Hub: Developing patented agritech solutions, showcased at EU-Startups Summit
Filtering to Final Choices
Joseph used CAF to evaluate factors and PMI to assess top options:
Final Choice | Why It Rose to Top | Role for Each Child |
---|---|---|
Aquaponics + Education | Multiple revenue streams, future-focused, uses existing structure | Tech systems, marketing, operations |
Microgreens + Restaurants | Quick cash flow, premium market, scalable | Production, sales, delivery |
Agritourism + Workshops | Leverages Gozo appeal, education component, community benefit | Guest relations, teaching, management |
🎯 APC Integration with Other Tools
The Complete Decision Sequence
- Start with AGO (Aims, Goals, Objectives): Joseph clarified his aim (family unity + prosperity), goals (sustainable business within 2 years), and objectives (evaluate options by March)
- Apply APC (Alternatives, Possibilities, Choices): Generate full spectrum of options (23 possibilities)
- Use CAF (Consider All Factors): Consider all factors affecting each option:
- Initial investment required
- Children’s interests and skills
- Market demand in Gozo and Malta
- Seasonal variations
- Regulatory requirements
- Apply PMI (Plus, Minus, Interesting): Evaluate top 5 options thoroughly
- Check with C&S (Consequences and Sequels): Project 5-year consequences of each choice
- Filter through FIP (First Important Priorities): Which option best serves first important priorities?
- Consider OPV (Other People’s Views): How do the children see each option? The community? Potential customers?
⚠️ Common APC Mistakes and Solutions
Mistake | Joseph’s Example | The Fix |
---|---|---|
Judging While Generating | “Aquaponics is too complex” (kills idea early) | List everything first, evaluate later |
Staying Too Safe | Only considering traditional farming | Include wild possibilities as stepping stones |
Random Brainstorming | Jumping between unrelated ideas | Use systematic methods (vary one element) |
Surface Alternatives | Tomatoes vs. peppers (same model) | Challenge core assumptions |
Analysis Paralysis | 23 options, can’t choose | Set decision deadline, use other tools |
🎮 Practice Exercises: Building APC Skills
Exercise 1: The Systematic Variation Drill
Take Joseph’s greenhouse. Generate 5 alternatives by varying:
- WHAT is grown (not vegetables, but…?)
- WHO it serves (not local market, but…?)
- HOW it operates (not traditional farming, but…?)
- WHEN it produces (not seasonal, but…?)
- WHY people buy (not just food, but…?)
Exercise 2: The Assumption Challenger
List 5 assumptions about any problem you face. For each:
- Write the assumption clearly
- Ask “What if the opposite were true?”
- Find one practical option from this reversal
Exercise 3: The Concept Extractor
Take a successful solution from another field:
- Extract the core concept (what makes it work?)
- Apply to your situation
- Example: Uber’s concept (unused assets + technology) → Greenhouse sharing app
Exercise 4: The 15-Minute APC
For any decision:
- 5 minutes: Generate alternatives (same goal, different methods)
- 5 minutes: Explore possibilities (no constraints)
- 5 minutes: Filter to choices (practical options)
Exercise 5: The Family APC Session
Like Joseph’s family meeting:
- State the challenge clearly
- Each person generates 3 alternatives silently
- Share without judgment
- Build on each other’s ideas
- Use voting or PMI to select top choices
🌟 The Outcome: From Options to Operating Business
Joseph’s story shows how APC thinking transforms possibilities into reality. Starting with an abandoned greenhouse and limited resources (government disability pension), the family built Bio Aqua Garden into a thriving operation.
The Integrated Solution (2022-2025)
Component | Initial Option | Current Reality |
---|---|---|
Production | Basic vegetables | Pesticide-free aquaponics: fish, microgreens, bio-vegetables, herbs |
Technology | Traditional methods | Solar-powered system, NFT pipes, patented agritech machines |
Market | Local sales only | Direct sales, educational visits, media presence, planning retail store |
Impact | Family income | Food security for Malta/Gozo + community education + social good |
Recognition | Unknown farmer | AgriFair participant, TV features, EU-Startups Summit presenter |
Key Success Factors
- Started small: Just 4-6 fish initially, proving the concept before scaling
- Multiple revenue streams: Production + education + innovation + social impact
- Community integration: Donations to Caritas, school visits, local sponsorships
- Continuous innovation: From basic aquaponics to AquaSoilPonics hybrid systems
- Media savvy: Active on Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, YouTube, plus traditional media
The abandoned greenhouse that once symbolized failure now hosts school groups learning about sustainable agriculture, produces chemical-free food for the community, and employs all three children in different roles—one managing technology, another handling education programs, the third overseeing business operations.
Joseph’s journey proves that between “leave Gozo” and “stay poor” lay dozens of unexplored options. APC helped him find them.
📊 Summary: Your Option Expander
APC transforms decision-making from a narrow corridor into an open field. Like Joseph discovering 23 options where he initially saw only two, you can break free from limited thinking.
Tool: | APC (Alternatives, Possibilities, Choices) |
Purpose: | Generate multiple options before deciding |
Process: | Alternatives → Possibilities → Choices |
Key Methods: | Systematic variation, concept extraction, assumption challenge |
Success Metric: | Generate 10+ options before choosing |
Integration: | Use after AGO, before PMI and C&S |
🎯 Next Steps
Joseph used structured thinking to expand his options. But sometimes breakthrough solutions require breaking structure entirely. In the next article, we’ll explore Lateral Thinking—de Bono’s most famous tool for generating revolutionary ideas.
For now, practice APC on a decision you’re facing. Use the systematic variation method. Challenge your assumptions. Generate at least 10 options before choosing. Remember Joseph’s lesson: there’s always another way—usually several—if you know how to look.
Navigation: ← Previous: C&S (Consequences and Sequels) | Series Start | Next: Lateral Thinking →
Part of the Maltese Mental Models series • Teaching Edward de Bono’s thinking tools for the AI age